In 2019, Dustin J. Oranchuk and a team from Auckland University of Technology reviewed 26 studies with 713 participants on isometric training's long-term effects. They looked at how muscle length, intensity, and intent affect adaptations like muscle size, strength, and architecture over 3-14 weeks.

In 2025, Beiwang Deng and team from Guangzhou Sport University conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate how dietary supplements, combined with conditioning training, affect athletes’ muscle strength, jump performance, sprint speed, and muscle mass.

In 2025, Daniel S. Rubin and team from the University of Chicago studied 125 older adults (some frail) using a smartphone app to measure walking pace. They tracked steps per minute and physical abilities like balance and strength over 12 weeks.

A systematic review and meta-analysis from the University of New South Wales (2021) examined 58 studies with 3,000 beginner participants and found that pure strength training alone led to around 1.4% total body fat loss—almost identical to what you’d see from cardio.

A 2025 randomized controlled trial in Nutrients by University of Stanford tested omega‑3 supplementation plus resistance training vs. training alone in 30 healthy, active adults.

A 2025 meta-analysis by Kazeminasab et al. (Université Clermont Auvergne & CNRS) reviewed 35 randomized controlled trials with 1,266 adults. They found that combining intermittent fasting with exercise didn’t reduce VO₂max or leg/bench strength, but did slightly boost handgrip strength.