In 2024, Belén Torres and a team from Spain reviewed six clinical trials from 2012–2022 involving overweight or obese adults. They studied how probiotics, like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains, affect body weight, BMI, and fat mass without dieting, using data from PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases.

Two 2025 studies in Frontiers in Nutrition show that probiotics do much more than just aid digestion—they can improve mental clarity, reduce inflammation, and support healthy weight and immune function for nearly everyone.

A 2025 study from Shanghai Jiao Tong University showed that food allergies don’t just cause rashes or stomachaches—they can lead to anxiety, depression, attention issues, and social withdrawal. In this mouse model, food allergy triggered brain inflammation, impaired behavior, and disrupted the gut microbiota.