In 2025, Ewelina Młynarska and a team from the Medical University of Lodz reviewed studies on creatine monohydrate supplementation combined with exercise for preventing type 2 diabetes. They focused on how skeletal muscle, which handles most body glucose, loses function in type 2 diabetes due to insulin resistance and sarcopenia (muscle wasting), and how creatine monohydrate—found in meat/fish or supplements—might help alongside workouts like weights or aerobics.

In 2025, Zhenqi Liu and team from the University of Virginia reviewed studies on GLP-1 drugs like Ozempic, focusing on their impact on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), a key predictor of heart health and longevity. While these drugs drive significant weight loss, they also reduce fat-free mass (25-40% of total weight lost), including vital muscle, raising concerns about long-term health.

In 2025, Cannavaro, Leva, Caturano, Berra, Bonfrate & Conte (Université Clermont Auvergne & CNRS) reviewed research on using amino acid supplements during weight loss. Their Nutrients paper finds that certain amino acids—especially leucine, HMB, and collagen peptides—help protect lean mass when you’re slimming down.