In 2025, Beiwang Deng and team from Guangzhou Sport University conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to evaluate how dietary supplements, combined with conditioning training, affect athletes’ muscle strength, jump performance, sprint speed, and muscle mass.

A 2025 meta-analysis by Chen et al. in Nutrients found that caffeine improved attack accuracy, agility, jump height, handgrip strength, and positive plays in volleyball players. The boost was seen with moderate doses before matches.